Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)
Non-surgical Treatment for Uterine Fibroids
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a procedure in which granular particles are injected into the blood vessels leading to the uterus. The particles cut off the blood flow to the fibroid and cause it to shrink. UAE can be performed instead of a myomectomy to treat fibroids.
Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are benign growths that form in the muscle of the uterus, ranging in size from a grain of rice to a grapefruit. They are almost always non-cancerous but can still cause changes in menstrual periods, especially heavy bleeding and bleeding that lasts more than 7 days.
Fibroids can also cause abdominal and lower back pain, problems with urination and bowel movements, anemia, and issues with fertility and pregnancy.
When to Consider Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Uterine Artery Embolization can treat many fibroids at the same time, and it is not affected by abdominal scar tissue from previous surgeries. Compared to a myomectomy, the procedure typically involves a shorter hospital stay and allows you to go back to work and other activities sooner.
UAE can help women whose fibroids cause symptoms and who want to keep their uterus. They may have tried medication first, but not felt relief. UAE also is sometimes used to treat women who are bleeding very heavily after giving birth.
Preparing for UAE
Our trained physician will discuss how you can prepare for the procedure. You may not be able to eat or drink anything for several hours beforehand. Prior to scheduling the procedure, tell your radiologist or ob-gyn if you are pregnant or want to get pregnant, if you smoke, and what medications you are taking.
How the UAE Procedure is Performed
The procedure normally lasts between 30 and 90 minutes, and involves the following steps:
A very small incision (cut) is made in the top of your leg, where your leg meets your pelvis. A catheter is inserted into an artery in your leg.
The catheter is passed into the uterine arteries, which supply blood to the uterus.
Small plastic or gelatin particles are put into the arteries through the catheter. The particles block the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
After the UAE Procedure
- Immediate Recovery: patients usually spend a few hours in a recovery area. During this time, vital signs are monitored closely, and medications may be given to manage any discomfort or prevent infection. Pain medications, often including anti-inflammatories, are provided to help manage cramping and nausea.
- Hospital Stay: some patients go home the same day, but others may stay in the hospital for a day or two, depending on their response to the procedure and pain level. Intravenous (IV) fluids and medications might be given during this time to ensure comfort and hydration.
- Pain Management: pain is most intense in the first 24–48 hours and generally decreases over the first week. Cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, can persist for a few days and is typically managed with prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers.
- Physical Activity: rest is recommended for the first few days post-procedure, and heavy physical activity should be avoided for at least a week. Gradual resumption of normal activities is encouraged as tolerated, but strenuous exercises should be delayed for 1–2 weeks or until a doctor advises.
- Post-Embolization Syndrome: many patients experience “post-embolization syndrome,” which includes symptoms like mild fever, nausea, fatigue, and general malaise. This is usually temporary and can last a few days to a week. Staying hydrated and resting can help manage these symptoms.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
While Uterine Artery Embolization is generally considered safe and effective, some possible side effects and complications may occur. These include:
- Pain and cramping
- Fever, nausea, and vomiting
- Vaginal discharge or bleeding
- Absence of Menstrual Periods
Risks associated with UAE include:
- Bleeding, infection, or bruising
- Injury to an artery or to the uterus
- Problems with a future pregnancy
- Problems with the ovaries or premature menopause, especially if you are age 45 or older
Most side effects are temporary and resolve as the body heals, but it’s important to follow up with your provider to monitor recovery and address any persistent issues.
Book an Appointment
Seeking out a diagnosis is the important first step in treating any condition that can lead to more severe symptoms. The physicians at Monterey Bay Vascular lead the industry in their field of expertise, putting you in the best hands the healthcare industry has to offer.
Why Monterey Bay Vascular?
At Monterey Bay Vascular, we offer coordinated care to prevent, diagnose, and treat vascular disease.
We understand, everyone deserves to live a long, happy life. Vascular disease may lead to limb loss and other life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism. Our licensed vascular surgeon uses state-of-the-art tools and technology to tackle all problems related to your vascular system. Thanks to our vast wealth of experience, we also work with our patients to develop a unique solution that fits your needs. Contact us today to learn more about the vascular treatments we offer and schedule an appointment today!