Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. While fibroids aren’t associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer, they can impact a woman’s quality of life depending on their size, location, and number.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Fibroids are tumors made of muscle and fibrous tissue that grow in and around the wall of the uterus. They can be as small as a seed or as large as a melon. Some women have just one fibroid, while others may develop many.

Fibroids may be:

Intramural – within the uterine wall
Subserosal – projecting outside the uterus
Submucosal – bulging into the uterine cavity
Pedunculated – attached to the uterus by a stalk

What Causes Uterine Fibroids?

While the exact cause is still unknown, research shows several factors contribute:

Hormones – Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones produced by the ovaries, appear to stimulate the growth of fibroids. Fibroids tend to shrink after menopause when hormone levels decline.
Genetics – Family history, ethnicity (fibroids are more common in Black women), and obesity may also play a role.
Other growth factors – Such as insulin-like growth factor, which affects tissue growth.
Lifestyle & Environmental Factors – Obesity, diet, and high blood pressure may also play a role.

Learn more from the Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic.

What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids?

Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. But when symptoms do occur, they may include:

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Pain during intercourse
Lower back or leg pain
Bloating or abdominal distension

What Does Fibroid Pain Feel Like?

Fibroid pain may feel like intense menstrual cramps or persistent pelvic pressure. Some women describe it as a dull ache or heaviness in the abdomen. The sensation can vary greatly. Some women feel a dull, aching pain or pressure in their pelvis. Others may experience sharp, intense pain, especially if a fibroid outgrows its blood supply or presses on nerves. Heavy bleeding can lead to fatigue and weakness. Some women may also notice a feeling of fullness or bloating in their lower abdomen.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does your body feel when you have fibroids?

You may feel bloated, tired, or uncomfortable in your abdomen or lower back. Many women experience heavy periods and pelvic pain. Others notice a frequent need to urinate or difficulty with bowel movements.

Can I live with uterine fibroids?

Yes, many women live with fibroids without treatment, especially if they have mild or no symptoms. However, when fibroids interfere with your quality of life, seeking treatment is important.

Do fibroids cause weight gain?

While fibroids themselves can increase abdominal size or distension, especially large ones, they don’t usually cause overall weight gain. However, they may contribute to bloating or an enlarged uterus that mimics weight gain. Any weight gain is usually related to the physical mass of the fibroid(s) and the enlarged uterus. In rare cases, very large fibroids can contribute to fluid retention, which might also affect weight.

What are red flags for fibroids?

Severe or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pressure that affects bladder or bowel function
Pain during sex
Anemia due to blood loss
Difficulty becoming pregnant or carrying a pregnancy

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a specialist.

What is the best medicine for uterine fibroids?

Consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the most suitable treatment plan for you. Treatment depends on your symptoms and health goals. Options may include:

Hormonal therapies (like birth control pills or GnRH agonists)
Non-hormonal medications for bleeding control
Pain relievers (such as NSAIDs)
Minimally invasive procedures like Uterine Artery Embolization

Minimally Invasive Treatment at Monterey Bay Vascular

At Monterey Bay Vascular, we specialize in Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) — a non-surgical, minimally invasive procedure that shrinks fibroids by cutting off their blood supply. UAE is ideal for women who want to avoid surgery and preserve their uterus.

Learn more about Uterine Artery Embolization

Why Choose Monterey Bay Vascular?

Our team of triple board-certified surgeons is committed to helping you regain comfort, health, and confidence through personalized, advanced vascular care. With clinics in Monterey Bay, Salinas, and Aptos, we’re here to support your journey with compassionate, state-of-the-art treatment.

Schedule a consultation today to discuss your symptoms and discover the best options for you.